Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary palaeogeography of the Western Carpathians (Slovakia) and the Eastern Alps (Austria): implications from heavy mineral data     

Michael Wagreich  Robert Marschalko 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(1):187-199

The Late Cretaceous Brezová and Myjava Groups of the Western Carpathians in Slovakia and formations of the Gosau Group of the Northern Calcareous Alps in Lower Austria comprise similar successions of alluvial/shallow marine deposits overlain by deep water hemipelagic sediments and turbidites. In both areas the heavy mineral spectra of Late Cretaceous sediments contain significant amounts of detrital chrome spinel. In the Early Tertiary the amount of garnet increases. Cluster analysis and correspondence analysis of Coniacian/Santonian and Campanian/Early Maastrichtian heavy mineral data indicate strong similarities between the Gosau deposits of the Lunz Nappe of the north-eastern part of the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Brezova Group of the Western Carpathians. Similar source areas and a similar palaeogeographical position at the northern active margin of the Adriatic/Austroalpine plate are therefore suggested for the two tectonic units.Basin subsidence mechanisms within the Late Cretaceous of the Northern Calcareous Alps are correlated with the Western Carpathians. Subsidence during the Campanian-Maastrichtian is interpreted as a consequence of subduction tectonic erosion along the active northern margin of the Adriatic/Austroalpine plate. Analogous facies and heavy mineral associations from deep water sandstones of the Manin Unit and the Klape Unit indicate accretion of parts of the Pieniny Klippen Belt during the Late Cretaceous along the Adriatic/Austroalpine margin.  相似文献   

Plant species as indicators of geochemical anomalies: Experiences onIlex aquifolium (holly)     

P. Cellini Legittimo  L. Ducceschi  M. Martini 《Environmental Geology》1995,25(2):114-118

The distribution of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu, in plants growing in mineralized and sterile areas of Tuscany has been studied to verify if and to what extent metalaccumulating species represent evidence of geochemical anomalies in soils. Samples of leaves and twigs from trees were collected, and analyzed by means of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Hollies, brambles, and Holm oaks in particular were considered in the mineralized area of Bottino, and the special aptitude of hollies in concentrating Cd with respect to the other metals has been verified. Cadmium has been previously recognized as a pathfinder for zinc ore bodies; the results of this investigation appear to point out the relevance of holly as a bioindicator of geochemical zinc anomalies. Lower metal concentration characterizes the same species from other mineralized and sterile zones, with the exception of the urbanized area of Florence, where relatively higher Zn concentrations in hollies appear to be due to atmospheric pollution.  相似文献   

单向冻结时土颗粒位移的热筛效应及对流迁移   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5  

王家澄  徐学祖 《冰川冻土》1996,18(3):252-255

自然界中不同粒径上颗粒的随机组合造成土体中孔隙分布的随机性。土体冻结时，由于不同孔径中水分势能的差异，导致孔隙不冻结在时间上的有序性，即在相同温度下，粗大孔隙中水分首先冻结，然后逐渐向细小孔隙发展。水分冻结体积膨胀，从而引起粗颗粒土向上抬升，称为热筛效应。  相似文献   

新疆水土流失对农牧业的危害及防治对策     

胡卫忠 《地质灾害与环境保护》1996,7(3):30-36

新疆山地坡残积层分布广泛，平 原第四系堆积发育；降集中于山地，夏季暴雨频发；暴雨隔雪洪流往往造成严重水土流失。水土流失对农业造成的直接经济损 失，表现在土以力下降，农徼业减产减产减收。  相似文献   

1989年3月特大电离层事件          下载免费PDF全文

何友文 《地球物理学报》1996,39(Z1):7-17

给出了１９８９年３月罕见的超级太阳活动区（ＮＯＡＡ，ＡＲ５３９５）的多次爆发，在远东地区诱发了一系列强烈的、甚至是首次观测到的电离层扰动事件：（１）重庆站以北地区ＴＥＣ增量达５５×１０^１６ｅｌ／ｍ^２的突增事件；同期武昌、仑坪和知本等站的ＴＥＣ负增量达６５×^１６ｅｌ／ｍ^２的突降事件；（２）兰州以南地区的强ＴＩＤ；（３）持续时间较长的Ｌａｃｕｎａ现象；（４）微粒Ｅ层事件等。作者结合同期远东和巴西地区的电离层扰动，多颗卫星探测结果和全球中低纬区极光的出现，对此次电离层事件的部分异常变化及其形成机制作了初步讨论，并指出东向电场剧增和粒子沉降可能是此次事件的主要因素。  相似文献   

Heavy metal history from cores in Wellington Harbour,New Zealand     

W. W. Dickinson  G. B. Dunbar  H. McLeod 《Environmental Geology》1996,27(1):59-69

Analysis of ten heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) in six sediment cores from Wellington Harbour show both anthropogenic enrichments and diagenetic modifications. Absolute concentrations determined by two methods, x-ray fluorescence and acid leaching for bioavailability, are not comparable. However, vertical trends in concentrations of the cored sediment are comparable. To assess levels of anthropogenic pollution, enrichment factors (enriched concentrations in upper core divided by background levels in lower core) are preferred over index of accumulation (I _geo) values because preindustrial or background levels of heavy metals are well constrained. The ten metals are placed into three groups: (1) Cu, Pb, and Zn, which show the most anthropogenic enrichment; (2) As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Sb, which are often associated with anthropogenic pollution but show only minor enrichment; and (3) Fe and Mn, which are diagenetically enriched. Assuming harbor waters are well mixed, anthropogenic enrichments of Cu, Pb, and Zn, are time correlative, but the degree of enrichment depends on the method of analysis and core location. Levels of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn show small variations in preindustrial sediments that are not related to changes in grain size and probably result from changes in the oxidation-reduction potential of the sediments and salinity of the pore waters.  相似文献   

Horizontal layered structure with heterogeneity beneath continents and island arcs from particle orbits of long-period P waves     

Takeshi Nishimura 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,127(3):773-782

We investigate the particle orbits of long-period (about 20 s) P waves observed with the global seismic network. By analysing 84 three-component seismograms recorded at 25 stations from 60 earthquakes occurring beneath 300 km, we quantitatively evaluate the orbits by three sets of eigenvalues and eigenvectors, using a covariance matrix method. The eigenvalues for P waves recorded at stations located on continents are explained by the standard horizontal layered structure model (iasp91). On the other hand, the orbits observed at stations close to island arcs are affected not only by the horizontal layered structure but also by heterogeneity due to subducting plates, mantle diapirs and so on. On the basis of a single-scattering model for a plane P wave, we quantify the heterogeneities by an isotropic scattering coefficient g0. Fitting the theoretical eigenvalues to the observed ones, we estimate g0 for the crust and upper mantle beneath continents to be less than 0.0005 km^-1, and the mean g₀ for the structure beneath island arcs to be about 0.0015 to 0.003 km^-1.  相似文献   

Analytical electron microscope studies of size-segregated particles collected during AGASP-II,flights 201–203     

Patrick J. Sheridan 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):267-282

Cascade impactor samples were collected over the Alaskan Arctic during the first three research flights of AGASP-II. These samples were analyzed using analytical electron microscopy to determine the morphology, mineralogy and elemental composition of individual particles. For analytical considerations, a typical impactor sample was run for approximately 20 min, thus giving excellent time resolution of discrete events.Samples collected during flights 201 and 202 consisted of stratospheric aerosol and lower-altitude haze samples. Stratospheric samples were characterized by moderate loadings of H₂SO₄ droplets with relatively few particles of other types. Samples collected in tropospheric haze layers generally exhibited light-to-moderate particle loadings. H₂SO₄ was again the most prevalent species, with crustal and anthropogenic particles also observed. One sample taken over south-central Alaska near the end of flight 203 showed high concentrations of solid crustal particles, with relatively little associated H₂SO₄. Giant particles larger than 5 m were occasionally observed in this aerosol. The composition of this material closely matches that of bulk ash from the Mt. Augustine volcano, which erupted 9–13 days before collection of this sample. This brings forth the possibility that pockets of ash-rich aerosol existed over parts of south and central Alska during the AGASP-II field mission. There is no evidence that these volcanic aerosols were present in the AGASP study area north of the Brooks Range.  相似文献   

古长江碎屑物进入东海盆地时间探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林志强  蔡洪正 《上海国土资源》1990,(2):26-34

本文重点研究东海盆地新生代沉积物中微量元素、孢粉和重矿物资料,推测了新生代时东海盆地及其周围古地貌的变化,並推断古长江碎屑物在中中新世晚期时才开始进入东海盆地。  相似文献   

应对干旱的黄河干流梯级水库群协同调度   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

彭少明  王煜  尚文绣  郑小康  李克飞 《水科学进展》1990,31(2):172-183

科学控制梯级水库蓄泄过程是减少旱灾损失的重要手段。以减少干旱年份流域缺水量和优化缺水时空分布为目标,构建应对干旱的梯级水库群多时空尺度协同优化调度模型。采用交互式与改进粒子群优化方法,外层寻求多年调节水库旱限水位最优控制,内层优化梯级水库群年内蓄泄过程,实现流域水资源年际调控、年内优化、库群协同、空间协调。以2014年的黄河流域重旱为例,通过模型优化提出2012—2014年龙羊峡水库旱限水位及梯级水库群年内蓄泄过程,结果表明:通过龙羊峡水库旱限水位控制实现跨年度补水,控制各年度缺水率在4.9%~5.7%之间,通过水库群出库过程优化控制不同区域各时段缺水均匀分布,将农业缺水率控制在7.0%~11.0%之间,显著减轻了旱灾损失。  相似文献